Pramipexole: Best Schlafmittel ever?

  • Pramipexole lowers prolactin and raises HGH in a dose dependant relationship so the more you take the more it works.






    Neuroendocrine and side effect profile of pramipexole, a new dopamine receptor agonist, in humans.


    Schilling JC, Adamus WS, Palluk R.


    Human Pharmacology Centre, Boehringer Ingelheim KG, Germany.


    The effects and tolerability of pramipexole, a new dopamine D2-receptor
    agonist, on prolactin, human growth hormone, thyrotropin, cortisol, and
    corticotropin levels were investigated in a randomized, double-blind,
    crossover study in 12 healthy volunteers. Single oral doses of 0.1, 0.2,
    and 0.3 mg pramipexole and placebo were studied over a period of 24
    hours. Pramipexole decreased serum prolactin levels in a
    dose-dependent manner, with a maximum effect after 2 to 4 hours. Serum
    levels of human growth hormone were dose-dependently increased; however,
    this effect was only significant 2 hours after drug administration.
    Furthermore, a slight increase in serum cortisol levels and a slight
    decrease in serum thyrotropin levels was observed. Our findings show for
    the first time pharmacodynamic effects of pramipexole after single oral
    doses in healthy volunteers. The compound was well tolerated and showed
    an endocrine profile similar to other dopamine D2-agonists.


    PMID: 1350237 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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  • Werbung
  • Prami may encourage freaky behavior in the bedroom and the casino.






    Increased frequency and range of sexual behavior in a patient with Parkinson's disease after use of pramipexole: a case report.



    Munhoz RP, Fabiani G, Becker N, Teive HA.



    Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.



    INTRODUCTION: Several recent reports have linked the use of dopamine
    agonists (DAs) to a variety of compulsive behaviors in patients with
    Parkinson's disease (PD). These inappropriate behaviors may include
    pathological gambling, compulsive shopping, and hypersexuality. AIM: To
    report the case of a patient with increased range of sexual behavior
    after use of pramipexole, a DA. METHODS: A 67-year-old man with a 7-year
    diagnosis of PD treated with levodopa and pramipexole presented with a
    dramatic change in sexual behavior after an increase in DA dose.
    RESULTS: The patient, who historically was a very shy and conservative
    person, started to present increased frequency of sexual intercourse
    with his wife, during which he began speaking obscenities with an
    extreme preference for anal intercourse, preferences never requested
    before. After pramipexole was withdrawn, complete remission was observed
    with return to his usual sexual behavior. CONCLUSIONS: Hypersexuality
    and paraphilias are complications not uncommonly found in patients with
    PD under dopaminergic treatment. Further studies are needed for the
    understanding of this complex complication, and particularly the most
    prevalent relationship between pathological hypersexuality and use of
    DAs.



    PMID: 18466265 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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  • Werbung
  • Gambling and increased sexual desire with dopaminergic medications in restless legs syndrome.



    Driver-Dunckley ED, Noble BN, Hentz JG, Evidente VG, Caviness JN, Parish J, Krahn L, Adler CH.



    Department of Neurology, Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders
    Center, Mayo Clinic, 13400 E. Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA.
    [email protected]



    OBJECTIVES: Do patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS) report
    gambling or other abnormal behaviors as previously reported in Parkinson
    disease. METHODS: This survey study was sent to 261 idiopathic RLS
    patients, and it included the Gambling Symptoms Assessment Scale, Altman
    Self-Rating Mania Scale, and questions pertaining to sexual activity
    and novelty-seeking behaviors. RESULTS: Ninety-nine patients responded
    to the survey, and 77 were actively taking 1 or more dopaminergic
    medications. Of the 70 respondents who answered the gambling questions, 5
    (7%) noted a change in gambling, with 4 (6%; 95% confidence interval,
    2%-14%) stating that increased urges and time spent gambling occurred
    specifically after the use of dopaminergic medications (2 on
    pramipexole, 1 on ropinirole, and 1 on levodopa and pramipexole).
    Increased sexual desire was reported by 4 (5%) of the 77 respondents, 3
    (4%; 95% confidence interval, 1%-11%) reported that this occurred
    specifically after the use of dopaminergic medications (1 on
    pramipexole, 1 on ropinirole, and 1 on levodopa). One patient reported
    both an increase in gambling and sexual habits. CONCLUSIONS: This
    exploratory survey study revealed the development of gambling and/or
    increased sexuality in patients with RLS. These data raise the
    possibility that, as in Parkinson disease, RLS patients should be
    cautioned about potential behaviors that may occur with the use of
    dopaminergic medications. Further prospective studies are needed to
    assess the relationship between these medications and compulsive
    behaviors associated with the treatment of RLS.



    PMID: 17909302 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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  • Prami reduces depression and allows more feelings of pleasure.




    Effects of the dopamine agonist pramipexole on depression, anhedonia and motor functioning in Parkinson's disease.



    Lemke MR, Brecht HM, Koester J, Reichmann H.
    Center of Psychiatry and Neurology, Rhine Clinic Bonn, Germany. [email protected]



    Depression affects approximately 45% of all patients with Parkinson's
    disease, reduces quality of live independent of motor symptoms and seems
    to be underrated and undertreated. Pramipexole shows D(3)- versus
    D(2)-receptor preference at cortico-frontal dopamine receptors and
    neurotrophic effects which seem to relate to its antidepressant and
    anti-anhedonic properties in Parkinson's disease and bipolar depression
    found in controlled studies. In the present study, effects of
    pramipexole were investigated under routine clinical conditions.
    Anhedonia was measured in patients with Parkinson's disease (n=657)
    using the self-rated Snaith-Hamilton-Pleasure-Scale (SHAPS-D),
    depression was assessed by the observer-rated
    Short-Parkinson's-Evaluation Scale (SPES). Anhedonia was present in
    45.7% of all patients and in 79.7% of the depressed patients with
    Parkinson's disease. Mild depression was present in 47%, moderate to
    severe depression in 22% of the patients. At the end of the study
    period of 9 weeks on an average, the mean dosage of pramipexole was
    1.0+/-0.6 mg/d (range 0.3 to 4.2). Frequency of depression (moderate to
    severe: 6.8%, mild: 37.6%) and anhedonia (25.5%) as well as motor
    deficits were significantly reduced during treatment with pramipexole.
    Drop-outs due to adverse events occurred in 3.5%. Future studies should
    investigate specificity of anti-anhedonic and antidepressive properties
    of pramipexole.



    PMID: 16814808 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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  • Werbung
  • Pramipexole in treatment-resistant depression: a 16-week naturalistic study.



    Lattanzi L, Dell'Osso L, Cassano P, Pini S, Rucci P, Houck PR, Gemignani A, Battistini G, Bassi A, Abelli M, Cassano GB.
    Department of Psychiatry, Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Biotechnologies, University of Pisa, Italy. [email protected]



    OBJECTIVE: To assess the antidepressant efficacy and tolerability of
    adjunctive pramipexole, a D2-D3 dopamine agonist, in patients with
    drug-resistant depression. METHODS: The study sample consisted of
    in-patients with major depressive episode, according to the DSM-IV, and
    drug resistance. Pramipexole was added to antidepressant treatment with
    TCA or SSRI, at increasing doses from 0.375 to 1.0 mg/day. Two
    independent response criteria were adopted: a > 50% reduction of the
    Montgomery-Asberg Depressive Rating Scale (MADRS) total score and a
    score of I or 2 on the Clinical Global Impression scale (CGI-1) at
    endpoint. Side-effects were assessed by the Dosage Record Treatment
    Emergent Symptom Scale (DOTES). RESULTS: Thirty-seven patients were
    enrolled. Of these. 16 had unipolar depression and 21 had bipolar
    depression. Six patients dropped out in the first week. Of the 31
    patients included in the analyses. 19 completed the 16-week follow-up.
    Mean maximal dose of pramipexole was 0.95 mg/day. Mean scores on MADRS
    decreased from 33.3 +/- 8.4 at baseline to 13.9 +/- 11.5 at endpoint (p
    < 0.001) and the CGI-S decreased from 4.6 +/- 0.8 at baseline to 2.8
    +/- 1.3 at endpoint (p < 0.001). At endpoint, 67.7% (21/31) of
    patients were responders on MADRS and 74.2% on CGI-I. Of the 37 patients
    enrolled, 10 discontinued pramipexole because of adverse events. CONCLUSIONS:
    These preliminary data suggest that pramipexole adjunction to
    antidepressant treatment may be effective and well tolerated in patients
    with resistant major depression.



    PMID: 12479663 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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  • Comparison of pramipexole and modafinil on arousal, autonomic, and endocrine functions in healthy volunteers.



    Samuels ER, Hou RH, Langley RW, Szabadi E, Bradshaw CM.
    Psychopharmacology Section, Division of Psychiatry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.



    The noradrenergic locus coeruleus is a major wakefulness-promoting
    nucleus of the brain, which is also involved in the regulation of
    autonomic and endocrine functions. The activity of the locus coeruleus
    is believed to be tonically enhanced by a mesocoerulear dopaminergic
    pathway arising from the ventral tegmental area of the midbrain. Both
    modafinil, a wakefulness-promoting drug, and pramipexole, a
    D(2)/D(3)receptor agonist with sedative properties, may act on this
    pathway, with modafinil increasing and pramipexole decreasing locus
    coeruleus activity. The aim of this study was to compare the two drugs
    on alertness, autonomic and endocrine functions in healthy volunteers.
    Pramipexole (0.5mg), modafinil (200mg), and their combination were
    administered to 16 healthy males in a double-blind, placebo-controlled
    design. Methods included tests of alertness (pupillographic sleepiness
    test, critical flicker fusion frequency, visual analogue scales),
    autonomic functions (resting pupil diameter, light and darkness reflex
    responses, heart rate, blood pressure, salivation, core temperature),
    and endocrine functions (blood concentrations of prolactin, growth
    hormone, and thyroid stimulating hormone). Data were analysed by
    ANOVA. Pramipexole reduced alertness, caused pupil dilatation, increased
    heart rate, reduced prolactin and thyroid stimulating hormone, and
    increased growth hormone level. Modafinil caused small increases in
    blood pressure and core temperature, and reduced prolactin levels. The
    sedative effect of pramipexole and the autonomic effects of modafinil
    are consistent with altered activity in the mesocoerulear pathway; the
    pupil dilatation following pramipexole suggests reduced dopaminergic
    excitation of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus.



    PMID: 16401653 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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  • Werbung
  • Pramipexole in the management of restless legs syndrome: an extended study.



    Silber MH, Girish M, Izurieta R.
    Sleep Disorders Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. [email protected]



    STUDY OBJECTIVES: To determine whether pramipexole used over an extended
    time for restless legs syndrome (RLS) remains effective; whether the
    dose of the drug needs to be increased; whether augmentation develops;
    and whether side effects, especially sleepiness, are prominent. DESIGN:
    Retrospective review of the records of consecutive patients treated with
    pramipexole for RLS. SETTING: Sleep disorders center in an academic
    hospital. PATIENTS: 60 consecutive patients treated with pramipexole for
    RLS. INTERVENTIONS: N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Pramipexole was
    completely effective in controlling RLS in 67%, partially effective in
    27%, and ineffective in 7% of patients. Eleven patients (18%)
    discontinued pramipexole after less than 4 months; the remainder were
    followed for a mean of 27.2 months, during which only 4 others stopped
    the drug. The median daily dose increased from 0.38 mg after
    stabilization to 0.63 mg at the end of the study. Forty percent
    experienced mild side effects, most commonly insomnia, nausea or
    dyspepsia, and dizziness. Only 5% experienced sleepiness, and none
    experienced sleep attacks while driving. Augmentation developed in 33%,
    most in the first year and all by 30 months. Augmentation was not
    predictable by prior augmentation with other dopaminergic agents. Only 1
    patient discontinued pramipexole because of augmentation. CONCLUSIONS:
    Pramipexole was effective for RLS with continued response with time.
    Modest escalations in dose occurred, partly due to additional doses
    prescribed for augmentation. Side effects were common, but generally
    mild and tolerated. Sleepiness while driving was not a problem.
    Augmentation occurred in 33% of patients but was treatable with
    increased doses earlier in the day.



    PMID: 14655914 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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  • Am J Psychiatry 161:564-566, March 2004
    © 2004 American Psychiatric Association
    Brief Report




    Preliminary Randomized, Double-Blind,
    Placebo-Controlled Trial of Pramipexole Added to Mood Stabilizers for
    Treatment-Resistant Bipolar Depression



    Joseph F. Goldberg, M.D., Katherine E. Burdick, Ph.D., and Carrie J. Endick, C.S.W.



    OBJECTIVE: Previous studies suggest that the dopamine agonist
    pramipexole may possess antidepressant properties. The authors conducted
    a preliminary randomized, placebo-controlled trial to determine the
    safety and antidepressant efficacy of pramipexole in treatment-resistant
    bipolar depression. METHOD: Twenty-two depressed outpatients with
    DSM-IV nonpsychotic bipolar disorder were randomly assigned to receive
    placebo or flexibly dosed pramipexole (mean maximum dose=1.7 mg/day,
    SD=1.3) added to existing mood stabilizers for 6 weeks. The primary
    outcome measure was response, defined as improvement in Hamilton
    Depression Rating Scale score of 50% or more over the baseline score;
    secondary analyses involved changes in Clinical Global Impression (CGI)
    severity scores. RESULTS: More patients given pramipexole (10 [83%] of
    12) than patients given placebo (six [60%] of 10) completed the study.
    Eight (67%) of 12 patients taking pramipexole and two (20%) of 10 taking
    placebo had an improvement of at least 50% in their Hamilton depression
    scale scores. The mean percentage of improvement from baseline Hamilton
    depression scale scores was greater for patients taking pramipexole
    (48%) than for those taking placebo (21%). Mean improvements in CGI
    severity were also greater with pramipexole than placebo. No patients
    discontinued the study because of adverse events except for one patient
    who became hypomanic while taking pramipexole. CONCLUSIONS:
    Pramipexole was a safe and effective antidepressant among patients with
    bipolar depression. Larger randomized, controlled trials are needed to
    affirm these initial observations.

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  • Werbung
  • Pre-clinical studies of pramipexole: clinical relevance.



    Hubble JP.
    Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Parkinson's Disease Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.



    This paper reviews the preclinical study of the novel dopamine agonist
    pramipexole and its use in early Parkinson's disease (PD). Emphasis will
    be given to those properties distinguishing this drug from other
    dopamine agonists, the relevance of the preclinical data to clinical
    trial results in early PD, and the putative neuroprotective properties
    of the compound. The conventional dopamine agonists are ergot-derived
    compounds that are most widely used as adjunctive therapies in advancing
    Parkinson's disease (PD). Examples of conventional agonists are
    bromocriptine and pergolide. Pramipexole is an aminobenzothiazole
    compound, recently introduced for the treatment of both early and
    advanced PD. Its nonergot structure may reduce the risk of side-effects,
    considered unique to ergot drugs, such as membranous fibrosis.
    Pramipexole is a full dopamine agonist with high selectivity for the D2
    dopamine receptor family. This family includes the D2, D3 and D4
    receptor subtypes. Pramipexole has a 5- to 7-fold greater affinity for
    the D3 receptor subtype with lower affinities for the D2 and D4 receptor
    subtypes. The drug has only minimal alpha2-adrenoceptor activity and
    virtually no other receptor agonism or antagonism. The optimal dopamine
    receptor activation for the safe and effective treatment of PD is not
    known. Findings in animal models and clinical studies indicate that
    activation of the postsynaptic D2 receptor subtype provides the most
    robust symptomatic improvement in PD. Given its pharmacological profile,
    it is not surprising that pramipexole was found to be effective in
    ameliorating parkinsonian signs in animal models. This therapeutic
    effect has been confirmed in clinical trials in both early and advanced
    PD. In early disease, it provides a clear reduction in the chief motor
    manifestations of PD and improved activities of daily living. Perhaps
    most striking is the large number of clinical trial patients who have
    remained on pramipexole monotherapy for many months. The majority of
    these subjects have been maintained on pramipexole for an excess of 24
    months without requiring additional symptomatic treatment with levodopa.
    This is in contrast to the general clinical experience with older
    conventional agonists. Pramipexole also has a favourable pharmacokinetic
    profile. It is rapidly absorbed with peak levels appearing in the
    bloodstream within 2 h of oral dosing. It has a high absolute
    bioavailability of > 90% and can be administered without regard to
    meals. It has no significant effects on other antiparkinson drugs such
    as levodopa or selegiline. Its excretion is primarily renal and, thus,
    has little or no impact on hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes or other
    related metabolic pathways. Pramipexole has also been theorized to have
    'neuroprotectant' properties. Oxyradical generation is posited as a
    cause or accelerant of brain nigral cell death in PD. Pramipexole
    stimulates brain dopamine autoreceptors and reduces dopamine synthesis
    and turnover which may minimize oxidative stress due to dopamine
    metabolism. Furthermore, the compound has a low oxidation potential that
    may serve as an oxyradical scavenger in the PD brain. In summary,
    pramipexole is a new antiparkinson medication found to have unique
    dopamine agonist characteristics and putative neuroprotective
    properties.



    PMID: 11054154 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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  • Pramipexole does NOT cause fibotic reactions but bromocriptine, cabergoline and pergolide do.



    Cardiac and noncardiac fibrotic reactions caused by ergot-and nonergot-derived dopamine agonists.



    Andersohn F, Garbe E.



    Bremen Institute for Prevention Research and Social Medicine, University of Bremen, Germany. [email protected]



    There is growing evidence that the ergot-derived dopamine agonists
    cabergoline and pergolide can cause fibrotic cardiac valvulopathy. Data
    on other fibrotic reactions and nonergot-derived dopamine agonists are
    sparse. Aim of this study was to investigate whether there are signals
    that dopamine agonists are related to cardiac and other fibrotic
    reactions. We identified all reports of fibrotic reactions at the heart,
    lung, and retroperitoneal space associated with dopamine agonists
    within the US Adverse Event Reporting System database.
    Disproportionality analyses were used to calculate adjusted reporting
    odds ratios (RORs). For ergot-derived dopamine agonists (bromocriptine,
    cabergoline, pergolide), the RORs of all reactions under study were
    increased, whereas no such increases were observed for nonergot-derived drugs (apomorphine, pramipexole, ropinirole, rotigotine). Fibrotic
    reactions due to ergot-derived dopamine agonists may not be limited to
    heart valves. For nonergot-derived dopamine agonists, no drug safety
    signals were evident.



    PMID: 19170199 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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  • Bodybuilder Shirt, Bodybuilder Kleidung, Klamotten für Bodybuilder, Kleidung für Bodybuilder
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  • Hier der Anstieg von GH unter Prami. Es wäre interessant, das mit GHRP2 zu vergleichen. Normalwert scheint 5 zu sein, Anstieg auf 45.


    PMID: 17578485 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] PMCID: PMC2203276


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