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    The effects of Vitex agnus castus extract and its interaction with dopaminergic system on LH and testosterone in male mice.


    Authors


    Nasri S, et al. Show all


    Journal


    Pak J Biol Sci. 2007 Jul 15;10(14):2300-7.


    Affiliation


    Abstract


    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the probable effects of Vitex agnus castus (Vac.) on the male reproductive physiology. It is a well known fact that LH secretion from the anterior pituitary of mammals is controlled by many neurotransmiters such as dopamine. In this experiment, we have studied the effect of Vac. extract on the LH and testosterone hormones and its interaction with the dopaminergic system on male mice. In order to evaluate these effects, we used the hydroalcoholic Vac. extract (for extraction we used percolation technique) injection with the following doses: 65, 165, 265, 365 and 465 mg kg-', bromocriptine as a dopamine receptor agonist (5, 10, 20 mg kg(-1)) and haloperidol as a dopamine receptor antagonist (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 mg kg(-1)). To study the interaction between Vac. extract and dopaminergic system, we injected the optimum doses of Vac. with bromocriptine or haloperidol at the same time. Intraperitoneal injections were applied in all experiments, once a day for 30 days. The control group remained intact and the sham group received vehicle. After the last injection, we collected the animal blood serums for hormonal assays. LH and testosterone were measured by Radio Immuno Assay (RIA). LH and testosterone, showed significant decrease in bromocriptine group and haloperidol increased these hormones. Vac. extract decreased significantly the LH and testosterone levels. The coadministration of Vac. extract and bromocriptine decreased LH and testosterone. Coadministration of Vac. extract and haloperidol decreased LH and testosterone levels. These results suggest: dopamine regulates the gonadotroph-leydig cells axis. It appears that Vac. exertes effects through dopaminergic system and other pathways. The findings of this study show we can use Vac. extract for pathological cases of increasing LH and testosterone.


    PMID


    19070148 [

  • Werbung
  • Clinical studies have demonstrated effectivness of standardised and controlled medications produced from extract of the plant in the management ofpremenstrual stress syndrome (PMS),[15][16][17] and cyclical breast pain (mastalgia).[18] The medication is recommended in Germany.[19][20]


    Mechanism of action


    It is believed that some of the compounds found in the plant work on the pituitary gland which would explain its effects on hormonal levels. A study has shown that extracts of the fruit of VAC can bind to opiate receptors; this could explain why intake of VAC reduces PMS discomforts.[21]The mechanism of action is not fully understood[22]but it is assumed that it has dopaminergic effects resulting in changes of prolactin secretion. At low doses, such as might have been used in previous centuries for suppression of sexual desire, it inhibits activation of dopamine 2 receptor by competitive binding, causing a slight increase in release of prolactin. In higher concentrations, as in modern extracts, the binding activity is sufficient to reduce the release of prolactin. A study has found that treatment of 20 healthy men with higher doses ofVitex agnus-castus was associated with a slight reduction of prolactin levels, whereas lower doses caused a slight increase as compared to doses of placebo.[10] A decrease of prolactin will influence levels of Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) andestrogen in women ;[citation needed] and testosteronein men .[citation needed] Dopaminergic compounds (diterpenes with prolactin-suppressive effects that were almost identical in their prolactin-suppressive properties than dopamine itself) present in Vitex agnus castus seem likely to be the clinically important compounds which improve premenstrualmastodynia and possibly also psycho-somatic symptoms of PMS.[23]


    Current uses


    Vitex agnus-castus is used to alleviate symptoms of various gynecological problems. All evidence is limited to standardised controlled extracts such as used in Germany, different extracts or herbal mixes may have significantly different properties and safety issues. Some of the modern uses include premenstrual syndrome, abnormal uterine bleeding disorders and mastodynia.Good evidence and safety exists for these uses:[19]PMS[15][16][17][24]Cyclical mastalgia[18][24]Mild hyperprolactinemia[25]Luteal phase defectNo specific clinical studies but use partially supported by clinical evidence on symptoms and mechanism of action:Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), improvement of symptomsUterine fibroids, control of bleeding symptomsEmerging uses:Menopause, mechanism of action completely unclear.[citation needed]Prostate disorders, Rarely used,[26][27] but given its mode of action theoretically interesting,[28][29]


    Contraindications


    It is recommended that Vitex agnus-castus be avoided during pregnancy due to the possibility of complications

  • Werbung
  • Vitex Agnus Castus– Better known as Vitex, this is a flower found in the Mediterranean. It has been around for a while and there is some research supporting its use as a testosterone boosting ingredient. One study shows that high doses of Vitex lowered prolactin level[xxiv] in men. Reducing prolactin is associated with increasing male sexual libido significantly, and is how prescription drugs such as Bromocriptine and Cabergoline exert their well known pro-sexual effects. However, another study showed that use of Vitex in combination with a dopamine agonist (Bromocriptine) lowered testosterone levels.[xxv] This may indicate that elevation of libido (which is commonly seen with both Bromocriptine and Vitex) is an unreliable guide to whether testosterone is being elevated. It could be the case that dopaminergic stimulation is responsible for the increased libido seen with Vitex, as opposed to increased testosterone release. For those interested in using Vitex Agnus Castus to boost sexual performance and libido a number of options exist on the bodybuilding market.

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